On a warm Friday afternoon in July, Fred Cox and his team set up shop on a gravel shoulder off the side of the road, where you might see someone selling summer vegetables. With its white tent, a table, some folding chairs, and brown paper bags piled in crates, the Wyoming County health department’s mobile harm reduction unit was open for business for the next half-hour. Its signature offering: a traveling needle exchange offering clean needles to intravenous drug users.

After a few minutes, a car pulled up and the people inside asked for some supplies. Then, a couple rounded the curve in the road and walked up.  They were willing to talk, even to a reporter, about their struggle with addiction.

“I have been doing drugs since I was 18. Quit there for a while, went to rehab, and then relapsed,” said Rebecca, 35. “Nobody has ever done something like this,” she said of the van. “It’s my health, and I want 
to make sure I stay healthy, even though I’m doing stupid stuff.”

She and her fiance, John, 28, said they both inject heroin and have stopped by the van five times since May.

“Now there’s nowhere near as many people sharing needles and passing the same needle back and forth for each of them to use,” he said.

Location is Key 

Wyoming County, in southern West Virginia, is among a group of counties in central Appalachia that are particularly vulnerable to the rapid spread of HIV or Hepatitis C, mainly because of intravenous drug use.  The county sees no new HIV cases in most years, Cox said, but last year experienced what he called a “cluster” of them. A spokesman for the state Department of Health and Human Resources said it won’t give out county-level HIV numbers because there are so few cases. But there were 57 new such cases last year in the 15 West Virginia counties thought to be most susceptible to an outbreak.

Just the night before, John said, a woman in their friend group overdosed, and he had to revive her with the Narcan spray he got from an earlier visit to the mobile unit. He also found out a friend is HIV-positive, and while John isn’t, he said he shared needles with that guy before the diagnosis.

“If it wasn’t for this program, I would still – I wouldn’t be forced to because 
nobody is forcing me – but I would want to use his needle so that I could get high. 
That’s how an addict’s thinking is. Even though we know they have HIV, I would 
still use his needle if it wasn’t for them giving me clean needles, because I would 
not want to be sick and hurting.”

The Wyoming County health department bought and customized the van with an $80,000 DHHR grant. Staff drive to two locations in the county every Friday, for at least a half-hour in each spot. They started going out in April but didn’t get any clients until the next month. The van is white and unmarked. Discretion is important.

“We’ve debated on whether we want to put a harm reduction sticker on the 
side of the van, but at this point, we want to keep it a plain van,” Cox said.  No one using drugs would want to get these services at the health department in Pineville, the county seat, Rebecca added. It’s a half-hour drive away from the first site in Allen Junction, a long drive on these rural roads, and the department is next to the courthouse.

Cox and his team chose the two communities they currently drive to – Allen Junction and Long Branch – based on the at-risk populations living there. An earlier location was a controversial choice for some, including Christy Seaton, whose parents live there.

“There is no police force there, it’s kind of in a rural area,” she said of that community, Alpoca. “The police response time when you call for any other issue is kind of a long time. If there 
happened to be an issue there, it might take the police force a little while to get 
there.”

Further, she added, “Some of the people that are using this program are not the
 kind of people you want in our neighborhood. 
”

Seaton, a councilwoman in Mullens, a city in Wyoming County, supports the needle exchange and even suggested the health department move to her town.

“I think if they’re gonna offer that program, it should be somewhere out in 
the public … I know [a rural area] is what they’re 
trying to focus on, but I think it needs to be thought of better,” she said.

‘There’s Nothing To Fear’

Cox said there haven’t been any safety concerns with the unit, but needle exchange sites have been controversial in West Virginia. Still, at least two nonprofits already operate mobile harm reduction programs elsewhere, and a third is expected to start later this year. (Milan Puskar Health Right, based in Morgantown, travels to Upshur and Preston counties and WV Health Right in Charleston goes to McDowell, Roane, Logan and Clay, with the latter two locations offering only testing, according to DHHR.)

Wyoming County Health Department is thought to be the first government agency in the state to provide needle exchange services in a mobile program.

Cox and his colleagues, nurses Gena Carter and Crystal Simpson, pulled into a gravel lot in Long Branch later that afternoon. It’s an especially rural part of the county, 40 minutes from the health department. People were outside walking around and rocking in chairs on a nearby porch, staring at the van. It was the team’s first visit to this community, and Cox chose to start by building trust. He spent 10 or 15 minutes just talking to people, explaining why they were there. Some clients have said they thought the van was a front for police surveillance.

“You need to engage and let them know why you’re there and let them know 
there’s nothing to fear. And that’s the message that I delivered,” he said.

New visitors must fill out an anonymous, one-page questionnaire. They get a plastic ID embossed with a number and can receive up to 20 needles weekly at a 1-1 exchange. As is standard in needle exchange programs, they also offer a tourniquet, sterile cookers for mixing drugs, cotton balls for straining and a container for the used needles.

One woman in Long Branch, who wished to remain anonymous, got a blood test – and the answer to a question that had nagged her for a long time: Whether her previous drug use left her with any chronic infections.

“We’ve always wondered. I could have cried when I found out it was 
negative. Oh my gosh, it was amazing. It took a big weight off my shoulders. 
 Always wondering if I had it, it was a scary feeling,” she said.

She didn’t know what to make of the van at first but thinks it has the potential to help others in her community.

“It’s got a bad drug reputation. You can talk to anybody, and they’ll tell you Long 
 Branch – go to Long Branch, get what you want,” she said. “But there’s some really good people here, and this program could help a lot of people. A lot. ‘Cause a lot of 
those people really don’t have the money to go buy new needles.”

As of last week, the van served at least 50 people. Starting this fall, Wyoming will share the van with Summers, Mercer and McDowell counties, though McDowell’s program won’t include a needle exchange.

This article was originally published by West Virginia Public Broadcasting.